一、電熱水袋(dai)里面的(de)液(ye)體是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里(li)面是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么呢？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電熱(re)(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電磁產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)熱(re)(re)能的(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電磁的(de)東西是(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了防(fang)止漏電，如果通(tong)了電以后(hou)就產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)磁場，鐵和磁是(shi)(shi)相互(hu)反應的(de)，使所謂的(de)水里(li)面產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渦流和磁滯(zhi)然后(hou)就產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了熱(re)(re)能，和變壓器為(wei)什(shen)么會發(fa)熱(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)相關的(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)磁滯(zhi)和渦流而(er)熱(re)(re)的(de)，人們把變壓器做成一(yi)(yi)片(pian)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)的(de)硅剛(gang)片(pian)就是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了減小磁滯(zhi)和渦流的(de)，從而(er)提高效率的(de)，而(er)熱(re)(re)水袋則(ze)是(shi)(shi)相反的(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱水(shui)袋(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)某種溫度(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性是(shi)不變的(de)(de)(de)，例如食鹽在(zai)(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性在(zai)(zai)室溫時(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)與其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性相等時(shi)(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為飽(bao)(bao)和液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性還要高的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。暖手(shou)袋(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)就是(shi)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)醋酸鈉。由于過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)太(tai)高，當扭(niu)曲金(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),所產生的(de)(de)(de)輕微震動(dong)便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結晶，變成(cheng)較穩定的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)。然而，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程是(shi)放(fang)熱的(de)(de)(de)，所以暖手(shou)袋(dai)告開始暖起來。只要把充電(dian)熱水(shui)袋(dai)放(fang)入沸水(shui)中(zhong)加熱約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)會(hui)再次(ci)(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)由于在(zai)(zai)高溫下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性增加。在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進(jin)行吸熱反(fan)應，再次(ci)(ci)成(cheng)為過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶(bao)產品按有電熱(re)餅、電熱(re)水袋和電暖式暖手(shou)寶(bao)。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)填(tian)充是(shi)保溫(wen)(wen)棉(mian)(如：陶瓷棉(mian)等(deng)其(qi)他的(de))，使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)加熱(re)，將熱(re)量傳(chuan)遞給石棉(mian)或(huo)玻璃纖(xian)維保熱(re)。工作原理是(shi)：用雙控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)儲能式結構,逐(zhu)漸(jian)釋放熱(re)能。內(nei)設自動過熱(re)保護裝置及自動保溫(wen)(wen)指示裝置，一(yi)個由PTC熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻開(kai)關控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是(shi)正溫(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數(shu)的(de)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過時(shi)自身會發熱(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐的(de)熱(re)量也會傳(chuan)導給它(ta)的(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度到達(da)一(yi)定(ding)值時(shi)，它(ta)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻會急劇增大，可以(yi)視為斷開(kai)，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)減少消(xiao)耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，之后(hou)靠保溫(wen)(wen)棉(mian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)保溫(wen)(wen)來(lai)緩慢放熱(re)。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)保溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)間長，缺點(dian)是(shi)它(ta)無法徹底切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為了預(yu)防萬(wan)一(yi)，加熱(re)時(shi)不可離人，且加熱(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度較高(gao)，在使(shi)用時(shi)必須套上布袋，以(yi)免(mian)燙傷。目前，市面上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)很少使(shi)用這(zhe)種控制(zhi)(zhi)方式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)寶(bao)使(shi)用(yong)新技術儲能(neng)發熱(re)(re)劑，加(jia)熱(re)(re)升溫迅速(su)。一次性注水，永(yong)久使(shi)用(yong)，獨特防爆免(mian)燙和(he)溫控保護(hu)裝置；使(shi)用(yong)壽命長：保溫持(chi)久等優勢。由(you)于(yu)用(yong)戶無(wu)需注水即(ji)可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)使(shi)用(yong)，免(mian)去了傳統熱(re)(re)水袋頻繁換水帶來的麻煩和(he)不(bu)安(an)全(quan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水袋的發熱(re)(re)原(yuan)理看，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)元件式(shi)兩(liang)大類。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)由(you)于(yu)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(或螺絲)直(zhi)接(jie)裸(luo)露(lu)在水中(zhong)，造(zao)成的漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)風險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)使用(yong)內置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)亦或是(shi)使用(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅動(dong)，利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)(chan)生熱(re)(re)量的(de)(de)原理(li)進行暖(nuan)手。目(mu)前該款產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在(zai)2010年(nian)由日(ri)本三洋(yang)公司(si)在(zai)世界率先(xian)推出，之后尤(you)其是(shi)2011年(nian)冬開始被眾多廠家模仿，但產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質一直(zhi)未(wei)被超越。這種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)對比前兩(liang)種類型(xing)(xing)，加熱(re)(re)不受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)約束，可將溫(wen)度迅速(su)提升至40℃以(yi)內，對于(yu)內置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)(xing)可以(yi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)備(bei)需(xu)要時(shi)開啟使用(yong)，而采用(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)(xing)則更方便隨時(shi)隨地(di)更換，尤(you)其適合外出。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)優點：隨時(shi)隨地(di)取(qu)(qu)暖(nuan)，不受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)影響，體(ti)積(ji)(ji)輕巧，恒溫(wen)加熱(re)(re)在(zai)40℃人體(ti)正常取(qu)(qu)暖(nuan)所需(xu)的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)溫(wen)度以(yi)內，十分安全(quan)(quan);缺點：由于(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)小(xiao)巧，直(zhi)接(jie)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量不理(li)想，導(dao)熱(re)(re)時(shi)間不夠長，通常最長為(wei)(wei)1小(xiao)時(shi)(高(gao)于(yu)此值，均為(wei)(wei)虛假(jia)宣傳)，由于(yu)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)小(xiao)，無(wu)法大面積(ji)(ji)取(qu)(qu)暖(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)分(fen)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱絲(si)(si)式兩種。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)中(zhong)有正負兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)接(jie)和袋中(zhong)的液(ye)體(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)(rong)液(ye))接(jie)觸(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)就帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱，加(jia)熱時間較短(約2～8分(fen)鐘(zhong))，但液(ye)體膨(peng)脹較快，容易爆(bao)炸(zha)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱絲(si)(si)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)中(zhong)有一(yi)個絕緣(yuan)體線(xian)圈，摸上去(qu)體積比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式發熱體明顯要大。