一(yi)、電熱水袋(dai)里面的液體是什(shen)么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面是(shi)(shi)什么呢？其(qi)實是(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)袋是(shi)(shi)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)熱(re)(re)能的(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)東西是(shi)(shi)封閉起(qi)來的(de)，是(shi)(shi)為了防止漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果通了電(dian)(dian)(dian)以后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場，鐵和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)相互(hu)反(fan)應的(de)，使所謂的(de)水(shui)(shui)里面產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)滯然(ran)后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了熱(re)(re)能，和(he)變壓(ya)器為什么會發熱(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)相關(guan)的(de)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)因為磁(ci)(ci)(ci)滯和(he)渦(wo)流而熱(re)(re)的(de)，人(ren)們把(ba)變壓(ya)器做成一片一片的(de)硅(gui)剛片就是(shi)(shi)為了減小磁(ci)(ci)(ci)滯和(he)渦(wo)流的(de)，從而提高效率的(de)，而熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)袋則(ze)是(shi)(shi)相反(fan)的(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)某種(zhong)溫(wen)度下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)是不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，例(li)如食鹽(yan)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)室溫(wen)時(shi)是36g/100mL水(shui)(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度與其可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)相等時(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱為(wei)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度比其可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)還要(yao)(yao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱為(wei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。暖(nuan)(nuan)手袋(dai)(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體就是過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)醋酸(suan)鈉(na)。由于過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度太高，當扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕微震動便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結(jie)(jie)晶，變成(cheng)較(jiao)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)體。然(ran)而，這(zhe)(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程是放(fang)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以暖(nuan)(nuan)手袋(dai)(dai)告開(kai)始暖(nuan)(nuan)起來。只要(yao)(yao)把(ba)充電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)放(fang)入沸水(shui)(shui)中加(jia)熱(re)約10分(fen)鐘(zhong)，凝結(jie)(jie)了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)會再次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)；這(zhe)(zhe)是由于在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進行吸(xi)熱(re)反(fan)應(ying)，再次成(cheng)為(wei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電(dian)暖(nuan)寶產品按有(you)電(dian)熱餅、電(dian)熱水(shui)袋和電(dian)暖(nuan)式(shi)暖(nuan)手寶。

固體電熱餅

其填充是保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如：陶瓷棉等其他(ta)的(de))，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)量傳遞給(gei)石(shi)棉或玻璃(li)纖維保(bao)(bao)熱(re)(re)。工作(zuo)原理是：用(yong)(yong)雙控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)儲能式結(jie)構,逐漸釋放(fang)熱(re)(re)能。內設(she)自動過熱(re)(re)保(bao)(bao)護裝置及(ji)自動保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指(zhi)示裝置，一個由PTC熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻開關控制的(de)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是正(zheng)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)系數(shu)的(de)熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過時(shi)(shi)自身會(hui)發(fa)熱(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐的(de)熱(re)(re)量也會(hui)傳導(dao)給(gei)它的(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)到達一定值時(shi)(shi)，它的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻會(hui)急劇(ju)增大，可以視為(wei)斷開，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)減少(shao)消耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，之后(hou)靠保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來(lai)緩慢(man)放(fang)熱(re)(re)。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)間長，缺點是它無法徹(che)底切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為(wei)了預防萬一，加(jia)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)不可離人，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)較高(gao)，在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)必須套上布袋，以免(mian)燙傷。目(mu)前，市面上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)很少(shao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種控制方式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)熱(re)寶使(shi)用新技(ji)術儲能發(fa)熱(re)劑，加熱(re)升溫(wen)迅(xun)速。一次性注水(shui)，永久使(shi)用，獨特防爆免(mian)燙和溫(wen)控保護裝置；使(shi)用壽(shou)命長：保溫(wen)持久等優勢。由于(yu)用戶(hu)無需注水(shui)即(ji)可(ke)直接使(shi)用，免(mian)去了傳統熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)頻(pin)繁換水(shui)帶來(lai)的麻煩和不安全。從電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)的發(fa)熱(re)原(yuan)理(li)看，這(zhe)種電(dian)暖寶有電(dian)極式(shi)和電(dian)熱(re)元件式(shi)兩大(da)類。其中(zhong)，電(dian)極式(shi)電(dian)暖寶由于(yu)兩個電(dian)極(或螺(luo)絲)直接裸露在水(shui)中(zhong)，造成(cheng)的漏(lou)電(dian)風(feng)險也很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這種(zhong)產品(pin)使(shi)用內(nei)置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)亦或是使(shi)用5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)驅動，利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻產生熱(re)(re)量(liang)的原(yuan)理進行暖手。目前(qian)該款產品(pin)在2010年由(you)(you)(you)日本三洋公(gong)司在世界(jie)率先推出(chu)，之后尤(you)其(qi)是2011年冬開始被(bei)眾多廠家(jia)模仿，但產品(pin)品(pin)質一(yi)直未被(bei)超越。這種(zhong)產品(pin)對比前(qian)兩種(zhong)類型，加熱(re)(re)不(bu)受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)(re)的約束，可(ke)(ke)將溫度迅速提升(sheng)至(zhi)40℃以(yi)(yi)內(nei)，對于內(nei)置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)型可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)備需要時(shi)(shi)開啟使(shi)用，而(er)采用5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)型則更方便隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地更換，尤(you)其(qi)適(shi)合(he)外出(chu)。產品(pin)優(you)點(dian)：隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地取(qu)(qu)暖，不(bu)受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)影響，體(ti)(ti)積輕巧，恒溫加熱(re)(re)在40℃人體(ti)(ti)正常取(qu)(qu)暖所需的安全(quan)溫度以(yi)(yi)內(nei)，十分安全(quan);缺點(dian)：由(you)(you)(you)于產品(pin)體(ti)(ti)積小巧，直接導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)不(bu)理想，導熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)夠長，通常最長為1小時(shi)(shi)(高于此值，均為虛(xu)假宣傳)，由(you)(you)(you)于體(ti)(ti)積小，無(wu)法大面積取(qu)(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)分為電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和電(dian)(dian)熱絲式(shi)兩種。其(qi)中，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)中有(you)正(zheng)負兩個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，直接(jie)和袋中的液(ye)體(電(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液(ye))接(jie)觸，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)通電(dian)(dian)后，溶(rong)液(ye)就帶電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱，加(jia)熱時間(jian)較短(約2～8分鐘)，但液(ye)體膨脹(zhang)較快，容易爆(bao)炸(zha)。電(dian)(dian)熱絲式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)中有(you)一(yi)個絕緣體線(xian)圈，摸上去體積比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)發(fa)熱體明顯要大。